Origin and development history
Who is it?Engineers originally named the people operating military vehicles, weapon masters after masters of fortification. This concept has arisen in Italy in the Middle Ages and a title of the engineer Leonardo da Vinci carried. Builders of bridges and roads to Holland then to England and other countries became the first civil engineers in 16 century. And the first educational institutions for preparation of engineers have appeared one century later. The speciality of the engineer has come to Russia thanks to Peter I. In Russian army of XVI century engineers were called minds. The concept "engineer" has come to Russia in the form of the term ingeniur. The first it was used by the Russian philosopher-educator, one of advisers of a scientific team of Peter I Vasily Nikitich Tatischev. Educating Russian people on this question it explained: Engineers are such people, which sharp sense have
mainly to mechanics and any artful fictions
Development stagesThe first stage craft, is characterized low-percentage by manufacture, transfer of secrets of the production technology from "Master" to the pupil, from the father to the son, and frequent loss of the saved up knowledge in connection with untimely death of "Master". Unique inventions advancing the time are perceived as "whim". The second stage factory, is characterized by highly effective industrial production, development and a wide circulation of high technologies, increase of labor productivity and decrease in labor input of manufacture, working conditions. Engineers posess the main merit in creation of a "technical" civilization on the Earth after all it they began to collect and systematize knowledge saved up by mankind and to create on their base new kinds of technologies. Moreover engineers have incurred the lion's share of researches in the field of natural sciences and became founders of modern fundamental science! Being guided exclusively by a scent and a private experience, engineers lay ways to new opening, and only then bring fundamental theoretical base. Today engineers are engaged:
Engineers also work as independent businessmen, as serving in engineering bureaus or in authorities. However all of them are united by an engineering science to use natural materials and forces in the certain industrial purposes. By this time the system of training and professional work of engineers is presented by the whole complex of specialities. |
